1.  Motivations

I recently disassembled several inexpensive LNBs in order to select models suitable for specific modifications and applications such as:

  • Installing a crystal with a slightly different frequency. This may help receive the amateur 3 cm band with off-the-shelf satellite TV receivers.

  • Replacing the crystal with a more accurate TCXO or OCXO. This is convenient for receiving narrow-band transmissions.

  • Using an external clock reference. This may be useful for radioastronomy applications.

  • Supplying power without a bias tee.

  • Mounting several LNBs close together.

These concerns are mostly about mechanical construction and ease of access to key components. RF performance was not considered at all.

Hopefully these notes and pictures will be of interest to others:

  • Radio amateurs with unusual requirements may find this information useful to choose among an abundance of models, as the first amateur 3 cm geostationary relays are expected to be deployed soon.

  • Those trained in the dark art of microwave engineering may be entertained by the fascinating variety of microstrip patterns found inside these devices.

  • Mass-market product designers may find it interesting to identify all the small decisions which ultimately lead to significant price differences between models with mostly identical specifications.

2.  Related work

There is a long tradition of adapting mass-market LNBs for amateur radio, starting probably with U.S. C-band TVRO equipment in the late 1970s. Articles can be found in amateur radio journals.

One popular online resource with information about other LNBs is https://uhf-satcom.com/blog/ku-band-pll-lnb-s.

3.  Background information on LNBs

3.1.  "Universal" LNBs

All LNBs examined here are of the so-called European "Universal" type, i.e. they can receive all four sub-bands resulting from combinations of two polarizations (horizontal / vertical) and two frequency ranges (low / high). In the U.S. they are sometimes called "LNBF" (LNB and Feedhorn), possibly because early C-band equipment had separate horns and LNBs.

Technically their frequency coverage is mostly in X band (8..12 GHz), but the fixed-satellite service in Europe is commonly considered to be an extension of Ku band (12..18 GHz). Hence, these products are marketed as "Ku-band LNBs".

3.2.  Single / Twin / Quad / Octo / Quattro

A "Single" LNB is powered through the same F-type coaxial connector that carries its output signal. It provides one of the four sub-bands depending on the DC component and optional overtone in the power supply:

  • 13 V selects vertical polarization.

  • 18 V selects horizontal polarization.

  • No overtone selects the 9.75 GHz LO. This downconverts the low range (10.70..11.70 GHz) to 950..1950 MHz.

  • A 22 kHz overtone selects the 10.60 GHz LO. This downconverts the high range (11.70..12.75 GHz) to 1100..2150 MHz.

A "Twin" LNB has two F-type connectors and behaves like two independent "Single" LNBs. If one of the connectors does not receive power, it will not output an IF signal.

A "Quad" LNB is like a "Twin" LNB, except with four independent outputs. Similarly, an "Octo" LNB offers eight independent outputs.

A "Quattro" LNB ouputs all four sub-bands, each on a dedicated connector. As long as at least one connector receives power, all four outputs are active.

3.3.  Dimensions

Most LNBs have a 40 mm diameter neck that fits inside a bracket attached to the dish. The LNB can be rotated to account for polarization skew. LNBs with a long neck can also be moved along the main axis to match the focal length of the reflector.

"Bullet"-style LNBs are intended for multi-satellite setups where two or more horns must be packed tightly in the focal region of a single dish. They typically have a 23 mm diameter neck and a narrow dielectric lens instead of a wide horn.

3.4.  Local oscillator

Mainstream LNBs generate their LO frequency either with a dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO) or with a crystal-driven phase-locked loop (PLL). PLLs are generally preferred due to their better frequency stability (about 25 kHz vs 250 kHz). However, both technologies exhibit significant temperature-dependent drift.

One notable feature of DROs is that they can be retuned simply by turning a screw that is often accessible without disassembling the sealed cover.

Crystals are known to age; their resonant frequency can drift by several ppm per year.

Each PLL IC is rated for a specific reference frequency, typically 25 MHz. Datasheets rarely specify limits on that value. The only way to determine how much a LNB can be "pulled" up or down in frequency is by testing.

3.5.  Noise figure

Most manufacturers claim a N.F. of 0.1 dB, which is commonly regarded as unrealistic.

3.6.  Output power

There are reports that some LNBs can output as much as 20 dBm (100 mW) under saturation. This can be a concern when connecting directly to some receivers.

Table 1.  Maximum rated input power for popular SDR receivers

PlutoSDR (AD9363)2.5 dBm
RTL-SDR (R820T)10 dBm ?
LimeSDR (LMS7002M)2 dBm ? (0.8 Vpp 50 ohm)

4.  General findings

4.1. PLL / DRO

All modern "Single" LNBs turned out to be PLL-based, even those not explicitly advertized as such.

Surprisingly, many "Twin" and "Quattro" models still used DROs in 2018. It is unclear whether there is a technical reason for this, or whether manufacturers are not refreshing their product lines because the market for these models is smaller.

4.2.  Crystal frequency

Most PLL models use a 25 MHz crystal. Only those based on RDA chips have a 27 MHz reference, which implies fractional PLL ratios to produce 9750 MHz and 10600 MHz.

For a given output frequency, a fractional-N PLL can perform better than an integer-N PLL because it can use a higher reference frequency. But this is not what's being done in these 27 MHz models; this raises concerns about spurious noise.

4.3. Construction

Most models are very similar in construction. Inside a plastic shell, a cast metal body forms the waveguide and cavities for one or more circuit boards. H and V probes extend from the main PCB into the waveguide, usually one straight and the other with a 90° bend.

Only a few models stand out with square waveguides, conductive mesh gaskets, weatherproof plastic shells, metric screws, or unusual mechanical configurations.

Some models have two layers of shielding: a cast metal cover on the microwave sections of the PCB, and a thin lid for the whole electronic cavity. The flexible lid clips between the walls of the chassis. On the one hand, this creates a good continuous RF seal. On the other hand, these lids are hard to remove, even after scrapping the sealing compound.

4.4.  RF circuits

Despite a variety of board layouts and dimensions, the circuits are all very similar. The pictures below are scaled to about 40 µm per pixel (click on thumbnails for full size) and oriented so that signals flow generally from left to right. Areas without solder mask are microwave sections. The probe connections are recognizable as large solder blobs in the left half of the pictures. From there, signals go through one, two, or three stages of transistor amplification, and then into a mixer. Mixing is typically done inside the PLL IC; DRO-based models mix with transistors instead. Depending on the LNB type (Single/Twin/Quad/Quattro), one or more IF signals are selected, filtered and output via decoupling capacitors. Solder blobs on the right side lead to the F-type connectors.

Microwave sections are usually surrounded with ground traces that match the inner walls of the cast metal cover. DRO cavities are always heavily shielded.

The unlabeled grey pads in higher-end models are RF absorbers; they prevent self-oscillation and/or improve shielding between sections.

Some models have an IC near the first stage - presumably a bias voltage controller for the FET transistors.

A few models have a crystal with through-hole pins, on the hidden side of the PCB. Surface-mounted crystals are easier to replace.

The following ICs appear to be popular:

  • "3566".  Found in almost all the low-cost models. 25 MHz PLL.

  • RDA 3565ES.  Found in higher-end models. 27 MHz PLL, mixer, bias controller.

  • Rafael Micro RT320M Found in one recent design. 25 MHz PLL, twin mixer.

  • NXP TFF1015HN A 2011 IC found in one low-cost design. 25 MHz PLL, mixer. Full datasheet available, but EOL.

  • NXP TFF1044HN A 2015 IC found in recent designs. Dual 25 MHz PLL, quad mixer, Quad/Quattro outputs. Full datasheet and application note available.

  • Rafael Micro RT348M Found in one very recent design. Dual 25 MHz PLL, quad mixer.

4.5.  Power supply

Power from the coaxial connectors goes through a low-pass filter (thin wiggly line and capacitor) to a voltage regulator. All mainstream models use linear regulators, typically 78x06. Only one model was found to run at 3.3 V.

Current ratings give an indication about the maximum consumption of the LNB and/or the derating factor that the designers chose to apply:

  • 78L06: 100 mA

  • 78N06: 300 mA

  • 78M06, 78D06: 500 mA

Linear regulators are less noisy than switch-mode converters, but also less efficient. A 6 V 200 mA LNB wastes 1.4 W at 13 V and 2.4 W at 18 V. Only very long, low cost steel core cables would need that much margin to compensate for voltage drop. In controlled conditions, a 9 V supply is often sufficient. However, the extra heat dissipation may be useful in wet weather.

Twin/Quad/Quattro models have either several regulators with diodes downstream, or a single regulator with diodes uptream. The latter option is less expensive but may result in more cross-talk between the IF outputs.

The BE01 stands out with a switched-mode converter followed by a linear regulator for the oscillator.


4.6.  Band selection

Voltage from the coaxial connectors is tapped upstream of the regulators for sub-band selection. Recent ICs implement 13/18 V and 0/22 kHz detection internally. Older designs use voltage dividers and RC filters.

4.7.  Supply chain issues

Examining a large number of LNBs revealed a disturbing practice in the market: Major brands need to build a reputation over several years, but their OEM suppliers tend to renew their product lines much faster than that, typically every year. As a result, several generations of electronic designs end up being sold with the same external appearance, packaging, product name (SKU) and barcode (EAN). The changes can be as drastic as switching from a DRO to a PLL design. While this may be acceptable for mainstream consumers, it can cause headaches for users who need a durable supply of a specific design.

4.8.  Concluding remarks

A few circuit boards are obviously derived from the same reference design, which is a good thing considering the expertise that goes into a microstrip board. Still, the variety of designs is surprising for a class of products with standardized specifications. No two models turned out to be rebranded clones of the same OEM product, at least not within the same geographical market.

In general, sales prices appear to reflect the complexity of the designs. It is intriguing that LNBs can be had for only a few euros, or even 1 USD if you buy a whole shipping container. The cost of the LNB is almost negligible in a satellite installation; for most consumers, it is certainly wiser to invest in a quality LNB than to climb on one's roof every few years to replace cheap units.

5.  Future work: high-end models

Most of the LNBs tested here sell for 20 EUR or less. Maybe higher-end models use completely different components families and construction techniques.

The following features can be found in more expensive devices:

  • C120 mounting flange for feedhorns with non-standard F/D ratios

  • N or SMA connectors

  • Better oscillator (1 ppm) for narrowband signals

  • Extended temperature range (-20..+70°C)

  • "Wideband" output (downconverting 10.70..12.75 GHz to 300..2350 MHz with a 10.40 or 10.41 GHz LO)

  • Custom LO frequencies

  • Fiber optic output

  • Input for external clock reference, typically 10 MHz.

6.  LNB tear-downs

Table 2.  Main characteristics

BrandModelTypeNeckCrystalPLL/MixerSource
   (mm)(MHz)  
Octagon OSLO 1609 Single40253566Q EQ84 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
McLean MCTV-668 Single4025JVLB LN5H 8G Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Opticum LSP-02G Single40253566E NQ819 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Opticum Robust Single4025T1015 04 04 SD522 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Diesl Universal Single Single40253566E NQ703 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
4TV 4TV HD Single40253566E EP547 AliExpress
SuperHDsat SR-320 v1 Single40253566E DQ693 AliExpress
Star Com SR-320 v2 Single40253566E DQ693 AliExpress
BWEI BT-180 Single40253566E EP787 AliExpress
Philips SX1019 Single40(DRO)Microstrip ? Diode ? (Obsolete)
HD-Line HD-BP2 Twin4027RDA 3565ES (x2) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Megasat Multifeed Twin23(DRO)XH8 (x4) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Octagon OTLSO 1306 Twin4027RDA 3565ES (x2) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link) (25/27 MHz random)
Octagon OTLSO 1609 Twin4025RT320M Amazon Amazon (affiliate link) (25/27 MHz random)
HB-Digital UHD 202 S 201901 Twin4025 ?RT320 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Pro-Line P-40 Quattro40(DRO)XH8 (x4) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Venton EXL-Q Quattro23(DRO)XH8 (x4) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
HB-Digital UHD 414 201612 Quattro40(DRO)XH8 (x4) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link) (DRO/PLL random)
HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 Quattro4025 ?NXP T1044 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link) (DRO/PLL random)
HB-Digital UHD 414 201808 Quattro4025 ?RT348M Amazon Amazon (affiliate link) (DRO/PLL random)
HB-Digital UHD 414 201909 Quattro4025NXP T1044 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link) (DRO/PLL random)
Triax 304832 Quattro4025RT348M 
Opticum LRP-04H Quattro4025NXP T1044 Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
PremiumX Deluxe Quattro Quattro40(DRO)4R S 64 (x2), 4R S 59 (x2) Amazon Amazon (affiliate link)
Inverto 5448 Quattro4025RT348M 
Othernet Bullseye BE01 Single4025RT320M 

6.1. Octagon OSLO 1609

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

This is an inexpensive model with a simpler design than its "Twin" variant (OTLSO).

Interestingly, the PCB is tilted at 45°. As a result, both probes have identical 45° bends, whereas most LNBs have one straight probe and the other bent at 90°. Maybe this is done to ensure balanced performance between the two polarizations, or to reduce the length of the slits through which the probes enter the waveguide.

Related model .  There are reports of an earlier version labeled "1301", identical to the Avenger PLL321S. It uses a RDA3560M and a 27 MHz crystal. Useful links:

Related model .  There is also a version labeled "1404" (details unknown).

Table 3. Octagon OSLO 1609 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)8EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length30mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter62mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size35x21mm²
Stage 1103 (x2) 
Stage 2103 
Crystal25.000H628 
PLL/mixer IC3566Q EQ84 
Regulator78N06G 
Screws3 
RF pads1 
LabelsCE, WEEE 



6.2. McLean MCTV-668 (GKF-2111-S ?)

(Click image to enlarge)

This is an intriguing model with an unidentified PLL/mixer IC running at 3.3 V. The through-hole crystal is mounted on the back side.

Table 4. McLean MCTV-668 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)6EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length28mm
Aperture diameter~47mm
Cap diameter53mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz0.5 ?dB
PCB size35x19mm²
Stage 1V84 (x2) 
Stage 2V84 
Crystal25.000M08 
Rated L.O. accuracy1000 ?kHz
over temperature range2000 ?kHz
PLL/mixer ICJVLB LN5H 8G 
Regulator78L33 
Rated current80 ?mA
Screws2 
LabelsCE, WEEE 



6.3. Opticum LSP-02G

(Click image to enlarge)

This a basic model, compact and inexpensive.

Table 5. Opticum LSP-02G data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)6EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length30mm
Aperture diameter~40mm
Cap diameter50mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain60dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size31x25mm²
Stage 1V75 (x2) 
Stage 2V75 
CrystalJWT25.000 
PLL/mixer IC3566E NQ819 
Regulator78S06M 
Screws3 
LabelsCE, WEEE 



6.4. Opticum Robust (Amiko L-107)

(Click image to enlarge)

This model has a small non-rectangular circuit board. The through-hole crystal is mounted on the back side.

The PLL/mixer is the well-documented NXP TFF1015HN.

Related model .  Apparently sold as Amiko L-107 in the U.S.A.

Related model .  The Goobay 67321 has a rectangular PCB with an almost identical layout and a SMD crystal.

Table 6. Opticum Robust data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)6EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length36mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter56mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size47x22mm²
Bias ICCHMC SE4 D4202 
Stage 1V75 (x2) 
Stage 2FX 
CrystalJ25F6S8 
PLL/mixer ICT1015 04 04 SD522 
Regulator  
Screws3 
LabelsCE, WEEE 



6.5. Diesl Universal Single

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

This is a basic model, compact and inexpensive, but with interesting microstrip patterns.

The waveguide has a square cross-section.

Related model .  The Sharp BS1K1EL100A has a similar board layout, but a different PLL/mixer IC.

Table 7. Diesl Universal Single data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)6EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length26mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter60mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size28x24mm²
Stage 1103 (x2) 
Stage 2103 
CrystalZC25.000 
PLL/mixer IC3566E NQ703 
Regulator78L06 
Screws4 
RF pads1 
Labels  



6.6. 4TV 4TV HD

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

This is a basic model with the distinguising feature that the cast metal enclosure is not sealed. Instead, the plastic shell is weatherproof (and hard to disassemble). Also, the F-type connector is attached to the cover rather than to the main body.

Related model .  Apparently also sold as "LNB G110".

Table 8. 4TV 4TV HD data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)4EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length mm
Aperture diameter~36mm
Cap diameter56mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain60dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size27x22mm²
Stage 13513 FK46 (x2) 
Stage 23513 FK46 
CrystalJ25.000M 
PLL/mixer IC3566E EP547 
Regulator78L06 
Screws2 
LabelsCE 



6.7. SuperHDsat SR-320 v1

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

A ultra-low-cost model. The unit I examined had a missing screw hidden by the sealant compound. No CE mark.

Related model .  There is a completely different model also branded as "SR-320": Section 6.8, “Star Com SR-320 v2”.

Table 9. SuperHDsat SR-320 v1 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)3EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length30mm
Aperture diameter~40mm
Cap diameter60mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size47x15mm²
Stage 110F (x2) 
Stage 210F 
Crystal25.000 
PLL/mixer IC3566E DQ693 
Regulator78L06 
Screws3 
Labels  



6.8. Star Com SR-320 v2

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

This is a ultra-low-cost model. The through-hole crystal is mounted on the back side. The unit I examined had insufficient sealing. No CE mark.

Related model .  There is a completely different model also branded as "SR-320": Section 6.7, “SuperHDsat SR-320 v1”.

Table 10. Star Com SR-320 v2 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)3EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length27mm
Aperture diameter~48mm
Cap diameter61mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size34x14mm²
Stage 110x 
Stage 210T 
CrystalEE25.000M 
PLL/mixer IC3566E DQ693 
Regulator78L06 
Screws2 
Labels  



6.9. BWEI BT-180

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

This is a ultra-low-cost LNB, with a plain layout but otherwise using the same components as the others. Comes unbranded and without a CE mark.

Table 11. BWEI BT-180 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)2.5EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length42mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter60mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain58-65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size35x22mm²
Stage 1V75 (x2) 
Stage 2V75 
CrystalH25.000M-20 
PLL/mixer IC3566E EP787 
Regulator78S06 
Screws4 
Labels  



6.10. Philips SX1019

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

This is a historical model made in Germany, possibly in the late 1990s or early 2000s. The plastic shell is weatherproof and welded around the F-type connector. The thin circuit board is riveted between the main body and a backing shield. Probes are apparently gold plated and held in place by PTFE washers. The main IC is a ZNBG3113 bias controller and I.F. switch.

Table 12. Philips SX1019 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx)?EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length40mm
Aperture diameter47mm
Cap diameter59mm
Rated noise factor?dB
Rated gain?dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size84x25mm²
Bias ICZETEX ZNBG3113 0318A 
Stage 1"G" (x2) 
Stage 2"G" 
Stage 3"G" 
CrystalDRO + T79 (x2) 
PLL/mixer ICMicrostrip ? Diode ? 
Regulator8C3Q 
RF pads2 
Rivets11 
LabelsCE 



6.11. HD-Line HD-BP2

(Click image to enlarge)

This is a sophisticated design with a nice symmetrical board layout. A single crystal apparently drives the two PLL/mixer ICs. There is free space in the enclosure near the gold-plated output connectors.

Table 13. HD-Line HD-BP2 data

TypeTwin 
Unit price (approx)20EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length56mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter59mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain62dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size73x24mm²
Bias ICD8400 3063 
Stage 13Y C A205 (x2) 
Stage 2V84 (x2) 
Stage 3t7N (x4) 
CrystalH27.000M 
PLL/mixer ICRDA 3565ES (x2) 
Regulator78S06M (x2) 
Screws6 
LabelsCE, WEEE 



6.12. Megasat Multifeed

(Click image to enlarge)

This is a "bullet"-style LNB with a narrow head and 23 mm diameter neck followed by a 40 mm diameter section. The two circuit boards are quite sophisticated, but use DROs. Four transistor-based mixers feed into an AMICCOM A7533 switch.

The dielectric lens clips onto a thin flange of inner diameter 19.2 mm, outer diameter 27.2 mm.

Table 14. Megasat Multifeed data

TypeTwin 
Unit price (approx)17EUR,USD
Neck diameter23mm
Neck length31mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter30mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size91x25 + 37x26mm²
Bias ICSB6001G 1507GUB5 
Stage 153 C A042 (x2) 
Stage 2DW (x2) 
Stage 3DW (x2) 
CrystalDRO + NDt (x2) 
PLL/mixer ICXH8 (x4) 
Regulator78M06 
Screws9 
RF pads20 
LabelsCE 



6.13. Octagon OTLSO 1306 (Amiko L-203)

(Click image to enlarge)

This model is popular in the amateur radio community. The second PLL/mixer is in a dedicated shielded cavity.

Links:

Related model .  Apparently sold as Amiko L-203 in the U.S.A.

Related model .  As of October 2018, this model can still be found in the supply chain, but a completely redesigned variant is being rolled out with the same product name and SKU: Section 6.14, “Octagon OTLSO 1609”. "1306" and "1609" refer to markings near the CE logo on the sticker.

Related model .  There are also reports of an earlier, almost identical version labeled "1301", possibly with a RDA3560M instead of the RDA3565ES.

Table 15. Octagon OTLSO 1306 data

TypeTwin 
Unit price (approx)15EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length54mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter62mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain60 - 65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size73x24 + 36x24mm²
Bias ICZABG 4002 1251 
Stage 129 C A373 (x2) 
Stage 2V75 (x2) 
Stage 3V75 (x4) 
Crystal27.000 (x2) 
PLL/mixer ICRDA 3565ES (x2) 
Regulator78H06 (x2) 
Metric screws5+3 
RF pads8+7 
LabelsCE 



6.14. Octagon OTLSO 1609

(Click image to enlarge)

This is a redesign of the OTLSO, identified by "1609" near the CE mark on the sticker. Only two stages of transistor amplification, twin-mixer IC, 25 MHz crystal instead of 27 MHz. The board layout is simple and elegant thanks to the dedicated Rafael Micro IC, although it has obviously been tailored to fit in the same cast metal enclosure as the earlier variant.

Related model .  Section 6.13, “Octagon OTLSO 1306 (Amiko L-203)”

Table 16. Octagon OTLSO 1609 data

TypeTwin 
Unit price (approx)15EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length54mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter62mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain60 - 65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size72x23mm²
Stage 1FET (x2) 
Stage 2103 (x2) 
Crystal25.000H629 
PLL/mixer ICRT320M 
Regulator78N06G (x2) 
Metric screws5 
RF pads3 
LabelsCE, WEEE 



6.15. HB-Digital UHD 202 S 201901 (Gecen GKF-2132 ?)

(Click image to enlarge)

A modern Twin PLL model with a clean layout.

Related model .  Very similar to the UHD 414 201705 (Section 6.19, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)”), except with a Rafael Micro RT320 IC.

Related model .  The Octagon OQSLG (Quad) has an almost identical layout with a Rafael Micro RT340 IC and other transistors.

Table 17. HB-Digital UHD 202 S 201901 data

TypeTwin 
Unit price (approx)13EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length42mm
Aperture diameter47mm
Cap diameter55mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size37x46mm²
Bias IC  
Stage 1A5T (x2) 
Stage 2A5M (x2) 
Crystal25 ? 
Rated L.O. accuracy kHz
over temperature range kHz
PLL/mixer ICRT320 
Regulator78H06 (x2) 
Rated current mA
Screws5 
RF pads3 
LabelsCE 



6.16. Pro-Line P-40

(Click image to enlarge)

Affiliate links

A sophisticated design with RF gaskets and two layers of shielding, but with DROs rather than PLLs. Four transistor-based mixers feed into a dedicated PCB with the Quattro outputs.

Table 18. Pro-Line P-40 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)18EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length37mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter62mm
Rated noise factor dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size65x24 + 32x28 + 30x65mm²
Bias ICSB6000G 1512GUA5 
Stage 168 C A103 (x2) 
Stage 2B7 (x4) 
CrystalDRO + NEt (x2) 
PLL/mixer ICXH8 (x4) 
Regulator78D06L 
Screws4 
Metric screws6 
LabelsCE 



6.17. Venton EXL-Q

(Click image to enlarge)

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A sophisticated "bullet" model with two layers of shielding, but with DROs rather than PLLs. It has a short 23 mm diameter neck followed by a 40 mm diameter section. Interesting use of some kind of ink to tune one microstrip pattern.

Table 19. Venton EXL-Q data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)14EUR,USD
Neck diameter23mm
Neck length22mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter30mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size101x25 + 37x28mm²
Bias ICHG 6000 S1428A 
Stage 161 C A113 (x2) 
Stage 2V75 (x4) 
CrystalDRO + T79/GG (x2) 
PLL/mixer ICXH8 (x4) 
Regulator78M08 
Screws9 
RF pads13 
LabelsCE 



6.18. HB-Digital UHD 414 201612 (Gecen GKF-2104Q ?)

(Click image to enlarge)

A compact and inexpensive Quattro model.

The circuit is spread over four boards, presumably to minimize the area of expensive low-loss substrate for the microwave sections.

Related model .  There is a more recent version with the same name and SKU but a PLL circuit: Section 6.19, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)”. The four F-type connectors are rotated 180°; there are no other external differences except the serial numbers.

Table 20. HB-Digital UHD 414 201612 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)10EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length42mm
Aperture diameter47mm
Cap diameter55mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain60 ?dB
Rated flatness/26MHz0.5 ?dB
PCB size89x46 + 44x48mm²
Bias ICCHMC SBD D8600 
Stage 1V75 (x2) 
Stage 2V75 (x2) 
Stage 3V75 (x2) 
CrystalDRO + T79 (x2) 
Rated L.O. accuracy kHz
over temperature range kHz
PLL/mixer ICXH8 (x4) 
Regulator78M06 
Rated current mA
Screws7 + 5 
RF pads4 
LabelsCE 



6.19. HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)

(Click image to enlarge)

A modern Quattro PLL model with a clean layout thanks to the dedicated NXP IC. The through-hole crystal is mounted on the back side.

A notch in the top sidewall makes it easy to lift the cover.

The Low/H output is noisier than the other three. Maybe this is related to the fact that vertical polarization uses a different (better ?) first-stage transistor.

Related model .  There is an earlier version with the same name and SKU but a DRO circuit: (Section 6.18, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201612 (Gecen GKF-2104Q ?)”).

Related model .  There is a more recent version with the same name and SKU but a Rafael Micro IC: Section 6.20, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201808 (Gecen GKF-2134-Q ?)”. The two rearmost connectors are swapped and the housing has "UHD 4K" embossed on top.

Table 21. HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)14EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length42mm
Aperture diameter47mm
Cap diameter55mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain60 ?dB
Rated flatness/26MHz0.5 ?dB
PCB size37x46mm²
Bias IC  
Stage 1H.B., 3513 116q  
Stage 2H.B. (x2) 
Crystal25 ? 
Rated L.O. accuracy1000 ?kHz
over temperature range2000 ?kHz
PLL/mixer ICNXP T1044 
Regulator78H06 (x4) 
Rated current220 ?mA
Screws5 
RF pads  
LabelsCE 



6.20. HB-Digital UHD 414 201808 (Gecen GKF-2134-Q ?)

(Click image to enlarge)

A modern Quattro PLL model with a clean layout thanks to the dedicated Rafael Micro IC. The through-hole crystal is mounted on the back side.

A notch in the top sidewall makes it easy to lift the cover.

Related model .  There is an earlier, almost identical variant with the same name and SKU but a NXP IC: (Section 6.19, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)”).

Related model .  There is a more recent version which reverts to the NXP IC: Section 6.21, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201909 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)”.

Table 22. HB-Digital UHD 414 201808 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)17EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length42mm
Aperture diameter47mm
Cap diameter55mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size37x46mm²
Bias IC  
Stage 1A46 (x2) 
Stage 2A46 (x2) 
Crystal25 ? 
PLL/mixer ICRT348M 
Regulator78H06 (x4) 
Rated current mA
Screws5 
RF pads3 
LabelsCE 



6.21. HB-Digital UHD 414 201909 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)

(Click image to enlarge)

A modern Quattro PLL model with a clean layout thanks to the dedicated NXP IC.

A notch in the top sidewall makes it easy to lift the cover.

Related model .  There are earlier versions with a through-hole crystal mounted on the back side, some with the same NXP IC (Section 6.19, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201705 (Gecen GKF-2134-N ?)”), some with a Rafael Micro IC (Section 6.20, “HB-Digital UHD 414 201808 (Gecen GKF-2134-Q ?)”).

Table 23. HB-Digital UHD 414 201909 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)14EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length42mm
Aperture diameter47mm
Cap diameter55mm
Rated noise factor dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size37x46mm²
Bias IC  
Stage 11 0W (x2)  
Stage 21 0W (x2) 
Crystal25.000 
Rated L.O. accuracy kHz
over temperature range kHz
PLL/mixer ICNXP T1044 
Regulator78H06 (x4) 
Rated current mA
Screws5 
RF pads  
LabelsCE 



6.22. Triax 304832

(Click image to enlarge)

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A recent, somewhat expensive model with Quattro outputs in the same form factor as a Single LNB. Beautiful board layout based on the Rafael Micro RT348M.

Its main distinguishing feature is a low-profile SMD crystal.

Table 24. Triax 304832 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)30EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length32mm
Aperture diameter~50mm
Cap diameter61mm
F/D0.6 
Rated noise factor0.3dB
Rated gain55 - 65dB
Rated flatness/26MHz8 ?dB
PCB size61x23mm²
Bias IC  
Stage 1LL (x2) 
Stage 2EM (x2) 
Crystal.25.OY 
over temperature range1500kHz
PLL/mixer ICRT348M 
Regulator78M05 
Rated current130? 265?mA
Screws5 
LabelsCE 



6.23. Opticum LRP-04H

(Click image to enlarge)

An intriguing model with a heavy inner shield over the microwave section plus a thin cover for the whole electronic cavity. This is usually seen only in DRO designs.

Hard to disassemble.

Elegant layout and modern PLL/mixer IC from NXP, but the crystal is hard to reach because of the shielding.

Table 25. Opticum LRP-04H data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)14EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length32mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter60mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size44x35mm²
Stage 13513 118n (x2) 
Stage 23513 118n (x2) 
Crystal25.000M 
PLL/mixer ICNXP T1044 
Regulator78D05 
Screws6 
RF pads3 
LabelsCE 



6.24. PremiumX Deluxe Quattro

(Click image to enlarge)

An expensive Quattro model, well shielded, but using DROs. Very hard to disassemble.

Table 26. PremiumX Deluxe Quattro data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)35EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length32mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter60mm
Rated noise factor0.1dB
Rated gain dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size71x33 + 43x33mm²
Bias ICD8600 6045 
Stage 162 C A0B3 (x2) 
Stage 2V75 (x2) 
Stage 3V75 (x2) 
CrystalDRO + T79 (x2) 
PLL/mixer IC4R S 64 (x2), 4R S 59 (x2)  
Regulator78D06L 
Screws10 
RF pads8 
LabelsCE 



6.25. Inverto 5448

(Click image to enlarge)

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A modern Quattro PLL design with heavy shielding and a square waveguide. SMD crystal and Rafael Micro RT348M mixer.

Table 27. Inverto 5448 data

TypeQuattro 
Unit price (approx)25EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length35mm
Aperture diameter mm
Cap diameter61mm
F/D0.6 
Rated noise factor0.2 (typ), 0.7 (max)dB
Rated gain55 (min)dB
Rated flatness/26MHz0.6dB
PCB size51x50mm²
Stage 182 15 414X (x2) 
Stage 282 15 414X (x2) 
CrystalJF25.000 
Rated L.O. accuracy500kHz
over temperature range1000kHz
PLL/mixer ICRT348M 
Regulator78M06 (x4) 
Rated current240mA
Screws1+7 
LabelsCE 



6.26. Othernet Bullseye BE01

(Click image to enlarge)

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This is the first affordable LNB with a TCXO instead of plain crystal oscillator. The TCXO is tunable (with a dedicated programming device) and the 25 MHz clock is exposed on the secondary F-type connector.

Full review: [OTHERLNB]

Table 28. Othernet Bullseye BE01 data

TypeSingle 
Unit price (approx) EUR,USD
Neck diameter40mm
Neck length39mm
Aperture diameter54mm
Cap diameter60mm
Rated noise factor0.5dB
Rated gain50 - 66dB
Rated flatness/26MHz dB
PCB size38x25mm²
Bias IC  
Stage 1103 (x2) 
Stage 2103 (x2) 
Stage 3  
CrystalYOKETAN SO3225T ? 
Rated L.O. accuracy10 kHz ?kHz
over temperature range30 kHz ?kHz
PLL/mixer ICRT320M 
Regulator  
Screws5 
Metric screws  
RF pads  
LabelsFCC, CE, RoHS 



7.  Terms of use

It took a lot of work to compile these notes and pictures. You may not republish them in bulk without permission. However, you may republish up to two photographs, with optional annotations, under the condition that you include a hyperlink to this web page, http://www.pabr.org/radio/lnblineup.

PCB layouts remain the property of their authors. They are discussed here for educational purposes only.

Bibliography

[OTHERLNB] Testing the Othernet "Bullseye BE01" LNB . http://www.pabr.org/radio/otherlnb/otherlnb.en.html .